There have recently been statistical reductions in extreme levels of poverty, basic necessities, and food poverty. However, this reduction occurs more rapidly in urban areas compared to rural areas. [4]
Poverty Growth Indicators
The trend of GDP per capita is also broken by the same division, and Dar es Salaam GDP per capita is Tshs. 1,600,000 compared to mainland Tanzania of Tshs. 600,000. High levels of economic growth in Tanzania have been maintained since 2001, but high levels of poverty pose challenges if clean economic growth can be achieved in human development. [5]
Food Poverty
The divide between rural and urban poverty is worse in terms of food insecurity. As of 2012 only 1% of Tanzanians in Dar es Salaam are experiencing food insecurity compared to 11.3% of Tanzanians living in rural areas. [5]
HDI
Using the Human Development Figure, the urban areas of Dar es Salaam and Arusha have been identified as having low HDI levels, while the rest of Tanzania has low HDI. HDI indicators also show increased life expectancy, as well as decreased infant mortality. [5]
Rural poverty
The trend of poverty reduction in Tanzania varies greatly between urban and rural areas where about 70% of the Tanzanian population lives. Capacity plays a major role in propagating unequal economic growth, and urban households have better access to infrastructure, health care, and education. The trend of migration towards urban growth, which has risen from "5.6% in 1967 to 29.1% in 2012," only exacerbates inequality. [5] Another major cause of rural poverty in Tanzania is the lack of energy supply for a large proportion of the population. Which means that the electricity sector imposes a heavy responsibility on the government. [6]
Despite the large number of Tanzanians living in rural areas, there is a strong dependence on rainforest farming. 76% of Tanzanians depend on agriculture or access to natural resources for their livelihood. Dependence on agriculture leaves Tanzanians particularly vulnerable to economic shocks due to climate change.
Poverty of children
Low economic growth is a contributing factor to child poverty in Tanzania. [8] According to a 2012 estimate, more than a third of households "live below the poverty line" of less than $ 1 a day, while 20 percent of the population "live below the poverty line. Food". [8] However, it is the rural communities of mainland Tanzania and Zanzibar that are most affected. [8] This disparity in wealth between urban and rural areas is a major factor in the poverty of children in rural areas, with 48% lacking basic necessities compared to 10% of their counterparts in urban areas. [8]
Leadership systems at the community level
The system of governance in Tanzania starts at a ten-cell level, [9] meaning that, in at least every ten households, there is one democratically elected leader. The household, headed by a democratically elected chairperson, consists of 100 households and a village headed by a democratically elected chairman and a village executive officer comprises 3 to 4 villages with a population of between 300 and 500 households. for five years. Accountability is a problem at all levels of leadership as it is also directed by Tim Kelsall, Siri Lange, Simeon Mesaki and Max Mmuya (June, 2005).
Good governance and governance as a prerequisite for development
Tanzania, like other poor countries such as Uganda, Burundi and Malawi, has poor systems. Service delivery research shows that "bribes paid to officers in police, courts, tax services, and land offices accounted for 62 percent of official public spending in these areas". Anwar Shah and Mark Schacter (2004) further cited the main perpetrators of corruption, including: The legitimacy of the government as the guardian of the "public interest" is opposed - which public office owners focus on serving specific ethnic groups geographically, geographically. , or other relationships; The rule of law is weakened - corruption in the public sector thrives where the law applies to them
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